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# ADR-006: Kysely contained inside DB adapter
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- Status: Accepted
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- Date: 2026-08-31
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- Deciders: platform stream
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- References: ADR-001, ADR-005, Architecture wiki (sections 1, 4, 9),
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Engineering-Standards wiki (sections 24, 25, 57)
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## Context
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EPPP is a modular monolith (ADR-001) that keeps every module boundary
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explicit, versioned and CI-enforced. ADR-005 already records the database
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choice — PostgreSQL 18 as the sole canonical database — and with it the rule
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that the `pg` driver and the Kysely query builder are isolated to
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`packages/database-postgres`, the adapter boundary every database access
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passes through. This ADR is the focused record of where the query builder
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itself may live: the containment decision.
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Kysely is a type-safe SQL query builder, not an ORM. It gives typed queries
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and composable expressions on top of `pg`, but it still speaks SQL and a
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dialect, and every package that imports it is coupled to that dialect and to
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the adapter's implementation choices. The workspace already depends on the
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containment: `packages/database-postgres` declares `kysely` 0.29.4 and `pg`
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8.22.0 as its exact-pinned runtime dependencies (its only ones), imports them
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in its source and re-exports the pieces the adapter is built on (E00-S03-T02),
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and is the single workspace package whose source may import the driver — a
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rule locked in by `tests/database-postgres-imports.test.mjs` in the
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`database-postgres-imports` CI job and by the architecture fitness tests
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FIT-010 (browser bundles cannot import server/DB packages) and FIT-011 (UI
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cannot import Kysely/pg).
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The dependency direction is already fixed: `database-postgres → core ports →
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Kysely/pg` (Architecture wiki §9.1, Engineering-Standards §24). Domain and
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extension packages talk to the database through core repository/port
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interfaces, never through the query builder. What remains to be recorded is
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that this is a standing architectural decision, not a temporary arrangement:
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Kysely stays inside the adapter, and no other package may grow a Kysely or
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`pg` import surface.
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## Decision
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EPPP keeps **Kysely contained inside DB adapter**. Kysely is an
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implementation detail of `packages/database-postgres` — the single workspace
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package allowed to import `pg`/Kysely (E00-S03-T02) — and the rest of the
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workspace reaches the database exclusively through the adapter's and core
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ports' APIs. No other workspace package may declare `kysely` or `pg` in its
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manifest or import them directly in its source; the `database-postgres-imports`
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CI gate plus FIT-010/FIT-011 enforce this on every PR. Kysely exists only
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where the adapter lives — it is contained, not distributed, and the containment
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is a package-level rule, not a type-level one.
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## Alternatives
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- **Kysely imported directly by domain/extension packages** — rejected: it
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would leak SQL-dialect and query-builder concerns into domain and extension
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code, defeat the single-owner boundary (E00-S03-T02), make FIT-011
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impossible to honour, and couple business logic to the adapter's
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implementation.
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- **A dedicated shared query-layer package** — rejected: it would create a
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second import surface for the driver stack, split ownership of the dialect,
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and add a package whose only purpose is to widen the boundary; the adapter
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already owns the typed surface callers need.
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- **Full ORM (e.g. Prisma/Drizzle) instead of a query builder** — rejected:
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schema is owned by the adapter's migration chains (ADR-005,
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Engineering-Standards §25), and an ORM adds code generation and a schema
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file that would couple domain models to storage; Kysely's typed builder is
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sufficient and stays contained.
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- **Raw `pg` everywhere / no query builder** — rejected: hand-written SQL
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loses type safety and composability while still requiring the driver;
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containing a query builder is strictly better than containing SQL strings.
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- **Adapter re-exports Kysely for other packages to build queries** — rejected
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(variant of the first alternative): even when routed through the adapter,
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letting other packages compose Kysely queries would leak the dialect and
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bypass the port/repository API that keeps domain code storage-agnostic.
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## Consequences
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- Positive: one owner for the whole driver/query-builder stack — upgrade,
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dialect and typing decisions live in `packages/database-postgres` and are
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exact-pinned single-manifest changes, so replacing or upgrading Kysely and
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`pg` touches exactly one manifest; domain and extension code stays
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driver-free, so FIT-010/FIT-011 hold; replacing Kysely or the dialect later
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is a contained change behind the adapter boundary (consistent with the
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ADR-005 encapsulation).
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- Negative: the adapter's port/repository API must be designed well enough
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that domain code never needs the query builder — the port API is mandatory,
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not optional; Kysely conveniences (expression builders, plugin features) are
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not available to callers outside the adapter; the adapter package grows as
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the query surface grows.
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- Neutral: Kysely remains a dependency of the adapter package only; contracts
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between core ports and the adapter are plain TypeScript interfaces, so the
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containment stays a package-level rule and never becomes a type-level one.
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## Operational impact
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- `kysely` and `pg` appear in exactly one manifest
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(`packages/database-postgres/package.json`) and in exactly one package's
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source; a static scan in `tests/database-postgres-imports.test.mjs`
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(`database-postgres-imports` CI job) proves it on every PR, including a
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mutation probe that fails when a driver import is injected elsewhere.
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- Upgrading Kysely or `pg` is a single-manifest change inside the adapter,
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reviewed under the workspace's dependency/upgrade lane; no other package's
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manifest or code moves.
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- No new runtime services, no schema changes, no deployment or configuration
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impact: this ADR is documentation of an already-enforced boundary.
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## Revisit trigger
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- Revisit this ADR when a non-adapter package demonstrably needs
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query-builder features that cannot be expressed through the adapter/port
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API, and there is evidence (per the architecture review gates) that the
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boundary costs more than containment saves.
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- Revisit if the platform grows additional data stores or engines (shared with
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the ADR-005 revisit trigger): a second engine may need its own contained
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adapter, and the query-builder containment rule would extend per adapter.
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- Revisit if the dependency-boundary enforcement changes — for example if
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FIT-010/FIT-011 or the `database-postgres-imports` gate are relaxed or
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re-scoped.
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